1632-1677 NL, Amsterdam
A.k.a. Benedito de Espinosa
Baruch Spinoza (/bəˈruːk spɪˈnoʊzə/; [baːˈrux spɪˈnoːzaː]; born Benedito de Espinosa, [benɨˈðitu ðɨ iʃpɨˈnozɐ]; 24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677, later Benedict de Spinoza) was a Dutch philosopher of Sephardi/Portuguese origin. By laying the groundwork for the 18th-century Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism, including modern conceptions of the self and the universe, he came to be considered one of the great rationalists of 17th-century philosophy.